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Hongkou, Shanghai

Coordinates: 31°16′13″N 121°28′48″E / 31.2703°N 121.48°E / 31.2703; 121.48
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Hongkou
虹口区
District
The View of The North Bund, Hongkou, Shanghai
The View of The North Bund, Hongkou, Shanghai
Map
Hongkou in Shanghai
Hongkou in Shanghai
CountryPeople's Republic of China
MunicipalityShanghai
Area
 • Total
23.48 km2 (9.07 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
757,498
 • Density32,000/km2 (84,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Websitewww.shhk.gov.cn
Hongkou, Shanghai
Simplified Chinese虹口区
Traditional Chinese虹口區
PostalHongkew
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHóngkǒu Qū
Wu
Shanghainese
Romanization		ghon1 kheu2 chiu1

Hongkou (ⓘ; formerly spelled Hongkew) is a district of Shanghai, forming part of the northern urban core. It has a land area of 23.48 km2 (9.07 sq mi) and a population of 757,498 as of 2020.[1] The district borders Yangpu to the east, Pudong to the southeast, Huangpu to the southwest, Jing'an to the west and Baoshan to the north.

It is the location of the Astor House Hotel, Broadway Mansions, Lu Xun Park, and Hongkou Football Stadium. It was once known as Shanghai's "Little Tokyo." Hongkou is home to the Shanghai International Studies University, the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and the 1933 Old Millfun.

History

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During the Tang dynasty, the area in modern Hongkou District may have been a beach included in a seawall (捍海塘) near the East China Sea. In the early Ming dynasty, it became known as 黃埔口 (Huangpukou) or 洪口 (Hongkou), as there is a river mouth debouched into the Huangpu River, in the early Qing dynasty, it was renamed as 虹口 (Hongkou).[2]

In 1845, an American bishop W. J. Boone bought an area of land there, and it later evolved into the American Concession in Shanghai in 1848 and merged into the International Concession in 1863, it was in large part reduced to rubble during the Second World war when Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese.[3] 20,000 Ashkenazi Jewish refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe lived in an overcrowded square-mile section known to as the Shanghai Ghetto, in the Tilanqiao neighborhood of Hongkew.[4]

In 1947, it was renamed as Hongkou District.

Subdistricts

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Hongkou is responsible for the administration of the following subdistricts.

Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Shanghainese Romanization Population (2010)[5] Area (km2)
Ouyang Road Subdistrict 欧阳路街道 Ōuyánglù Jiēdào oe yan lu ka do 73,328 1.67
Quyang Road Subdistrict 曲阳路街道 Qūyánglù Jiēdào chioq yan lu ka do 102,564 3.05
Guangzhong Road Subdistrict 广中路街道 Guǎngzhōnglù Jiēdào kuaon tzon lu ka do 122,669 2.89
Jiaxing Road Subdistrict 嘉兴路街道 Jiāxìnglù Jiēdào cia ka xin lu ka do 125,634 2.63
Liangcheng Xincun Subdistrict 凉城新村街道 Liángchéng Xīncūn Jiēdào lian zen sin tsen ka do 98,094 3.14
Sichuan North Road Subdistrict 四川北路街道 Sìchuānběilù Jiēdào sy tseu poq lu ka do 87,401 2.33
Tilanqiao Subdistrict 提篮桥街道 Tílán qiáo Jiēdào tiq leh djio ka do 113,751 2.36
Jiangwanzhen Subdistrict 江湾镇街道 Jiāngwānzhèn Jiēdào kaon ue tzen ka do 129,035 4.17

Economy

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A look at the Bao Steel Building in Hongkou

Previously Lianhua Supermarket had its Shanghai office in the district.[6]

Schools

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International schools

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Russian Consulate School in Shanghai is a Russian overseas primary school operated by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, located on the grounds of the Consulate-General of Russia in Shanghai in Hongkou District.[7]

Transportation

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Metro

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Hongkou is currently served by five metro lines operated by Shanghai Metro:

References

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  1. ^ "China: Shànghăi (Districts) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
  2. ^ "虹口区志>>第一编境域·建置>>第一章境域>>第一节境域变迁" (in Chinese). Shanghai Office for Local Chronicles. Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  3. ^ Cosentino, Francesco. SHANGHAI FROM MODERNISM TO MODERNITY (Deluxe ed.). Lulu.com. p. 51. ISBN 9781312985674. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  4. ^ James Griffiths (21 November 2013). "Shanghai's Forgotten Jewish Past". The Atlantic.
  5. ^ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  6. ^ Lianhua 2003(?) Annual Report (Archive). Lianhua Supermarket. p. 2. "Registered Office 11th to 15th Floors 1666 Sichuan (North) Road Shanghai The PRC Place of Business in Hong Kong 26th to 27th Floors Harcourt Building 39 Gloucester Road Wanchai Hong Kong" - Traditional Chinese (Archive): "註冊辦事處 中國上海 四川北路1666號 11至15樓 香港營業地點 香港灣仔告士打道39號 夏愨大廈26至27樓"
  7. ^ "Контакты" (Archive). Russian Consulate School in Shanghai. Retrieved on April 14, 2015. "Адрес: 200080, КНР, г. Шанхай ул. Хуанпу № 20. English: 200000, PRC, Shanghai, Hong Kou Qu Districs [sic], 20 Huang Pu Lu"

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hongkou District.

31°16′13″N 121°28′48″E / 31.2703°N 121.48°E / 31.2703; 121.48

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